This wedge-shaped area holds
the dubious distinction of being the place where Caesar was assassinated
– but it is also home to the Capitoline Hill, Rome’s finest glory right
up to the present day. In ancient times, the zone was full of important
public monuments, but in the 14th century, when the papacy moved to
France, Rome sank close to extinction and it was along this bend in the
river that the remaining 15,000 citizens huddled, in abject squalor.
With the popes’ return, serious gentrification took place – papal
palaces sprang up, long avenues were laid to connect them with the
basilicas, and commerce thrived. Today, you can find clear signs of the
long history of Rome’s most authentic neighbourhood.
|
Since the 2nd century BC,
Jews have been a significant presence in Rome. They thrived throughout
the Middle Ages, until, in 1556, Pope Paul IV, founder of the
Inquisition, confined them to the squalid Ghetto, where they remained
until 1870. Sixty years later they again suffered deadly persecution
under the Fascists, but today Roman Jews are an integral part of civic
life and number about 16,000.
|
SightsCampo de’ Fiori The “Field of Flowers” occupies what was, in ancient times, the open space in front of the
Theatre of Pompey. Since the Middle Ages, it has been one of Rome’s
liveliest areas, a backdrop for princes and pilgrims alike. On the
darker side, it was also the locus of the Inquisition’s executions, as
attested to by the statue of the hooded philosopher Giordano Bruno,
burned here in the Jubilee celebrations of 1600.
Campidoglio square
Campo de’ Fiori market
Capitoline Hill The basic principle for comprehending Rome is that everything is built on top of something else. For example, the Capitoline
was originally two peaks: one, called the Arx, graced by the Temple of
Juno, and the other, the Cavo, with the Temple of Jupiter, now mostly
occupied by the Palazzo dei Conservatori.
The huge Tabularium (Record Office) was built between them in 78 BC,
thus forming one hill, called the Capitol; and over that the Palazzo
Senatorio was built in the 12th century.
Palazzo Senatorio
Largo di Torre Argentina The important ruins of four Republican temples (one dating back to the 4th century BC) were uncovered here in 1925 .
On the northwest side is the pleasing façade of the 18th-century Teatro
Argentina, with its inscription to the Muses. Many operas received
their debuts here in the 19th century, including Rossini’s Barber of Seville. It was a crashing flop on its first night, but only because his enemy, Pauline Bonaparte, had paid a gaggle of hecklers.
Largo di Torre Argentina
Sant’Andrea della Valle How
could one of the most impressive 17th-century Baroque churches have
been left with an asymmetrical façade? The answer is artistic
temperament. Looking at the grandiose pile, it is quickly apparent that
only one angel, on the left, supports the upper tier. Upon its
completion, Pope Alexander VII dared to criticize the work, and sculptor
Cosimo Fancelli refused to produce an angel for the right side. “If he
wants another he can make it himself!” was his rejoinder to His Holiness .
Santa Maria in Cosmedin Originally
a bread distribution centre, the site became a church in the 6th
century and, 200 years later, the focus of Rome’s Greek exile community.
The Greek epithet “in Cosmedin” means “decorated”. Very little of the
earliest ornamentation remains; most of it is from the 12th and 13th
centuries, although there is a graceful altar screen characteristic of
Eastern Orthodox churches. The most popular element, however, is the “Bocca della Verità” (“Mouth of Truth”), an ancient cistern cover. Legend has it that the mouth snaps shut on the hands of liars.
Santa Maria in Cosmedin
Foro Boario The
name refers to the ancient cattle market that was once here. Now the
area is a mini-archaeological park, with two 2nd-century BC temples and a
later Arch of Janus. If not for the ferocious traffic, it would be a
wonderful place to linger. Dating from the reign of Constantine or
later, the arch is unprepossessing, but the temples are amazingly well
preserved. The rectangular shrine is to Portunus, god of rivers and
ports, while the circular one is a Temple of Hercules. Gesù A
windy piazza hosts the prototype Counter-Reformation church. Enormous
and ornate, it’s meant to convince the wayward of the pre-eminence of
the Jesuit faith. The façade is elegant, but the interior is the major
dazzler – first impressions are of vibrant gold, bathed in sunlight.
Then there’s the vision of angels and saints being sucked into heaven
through a miraculous hole in the roof. The tomb of Ignatius, the order’s
founder, is adorned with the world’s largest chunk of lapis lazuli.
St Ignazio chapel, Gesù
Santa Maria in Aracoeli The
6th-century church stands on the site of the ancient Temple of Juno
Moneta (Juno the Sentinel), but it was also the Roman mint – and the
origin of the word “money”. Superstition claims you can win the lottery
by climbing on your knees up the 14th-century staircase leading to the
unfinished façade – but what you will definitely gain is a fine view.
Inside, the nave’s 22 columns come from ancient structures; the third
one on the left is inscribed “a cubiculo Augustorum” (“from the
emperor’s bedroom”).
Santa Maria in Aracoeli
Fontana delle Tartarughe The
“Fountain of the Tortoises” is the work of three artists. First created
in the late 1500s for the Mattei family, it was designed by Giacomo
della Porta. The four bronze boys, however, were sculpted by Taddeo
Landini. The crowning touch came almost a century later, when an unknown
artist (some say Bernini) added the tortoises and gave the fountain its
name .
Fontane delle Tartarughe
Theatre of Marcellus One of three ancient theatres in this district,
dating back to the 1st century BC, and probably the most frequented of
all Imperial theatres until the Colosseum captured the public’s favour.
The lower archways once housed picturesque medieval shops, until cleared
away by archaeologists in the 1920s. To the right of the theatre stand
three columns and a frieze fragment that belonged to a Temple of Apollo,
also from the 1st century BC.
|
